Genes are built from DNA, and contain specific sequences of these bases. The strands consist of sugar and phosphate molecules, which attach to one of for bases. It is made up of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder to form the double helix. The DNA contains all the information needed to build an organism. Increasing repeat number slows down interconversion between the various DNA-free and DNA-bound states. In contrast, for TALEs forming more than one turn, partly folded states facilitate DNA binding, demonstrating a mode of ‘functional instability’ that facilitates macromolecular assembly. For TALEs forming less than one superhelical turn around DNA, partly folded states inhibit DNA binding. Our findings, combined with previously identified partly folded states, indicate a TALE instability that is functionally important for DNA binding. Single molecule fluorescence analysis and deterministic modeling reveal conformational heterogeneity in both the free- and DNA-bound TALE arrays. Here, we examine the kinetics of DNA binding of TALE arrays with varying numbers of identical repeats. How TALE repeat domains wrap around DNA, often extending more than 1.5 helical turns, without using external energy is not well understood. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) bind DNA through an array of tandem 34-residue repeats.
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